Three Wise Men of Gotham | Moral Stories by L. Frank Baum

This story tells of three men in Gotham—Socrates, Sophocles, and Pericles—who gain reputations for great wisdom based purely on their venerable appearances (bald heads, long white beards) and clever tricks, rather than actual knowledge. Socrates stays silent, Sophocles gives obvious or ambiguous advice, and the lazy Pericles is deliberately styled as wise by his shrewd wife. Fooled by appearances, the townspeople revere them until the three "wise men" get into a foolish argument about the shape of the world and decide to settle it by sailing out to sea in a leaky wooden bowl, leading to their presumed demise after finally admitting their own foolishness to each other. It serves as a humorous cautionary tale about judging by appearances and the folly of pretence.

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